Internal-combustion engine.



E. H. BELDEN.

INTERNAL GoMEUsToN ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 9, 1911.

Patented Feb. 13, 191.2.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Witwe/aow E. H. BELDBN.

INTERNAL COMBUSTIDN ENGINE APPLICATION FILED N0'v.9,1911.

Patented Feb. 13, 1912.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2 vwemffz flaw/ fa/f @wi/Immo E. H. BELDEN. INTERNAL GOMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED Novfs, 1911.

1,017,074. Patented Feb. 13, 1912.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

provide a; four-cycle y "abovegtbatinay be'm'adelandassembleifdisl 'INTERNALHCOMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 135 i912..

Application led November 9, 1911. Serial No. 859,441.

To' 'all whom z't-may concern Beit known `that I, EDWARD H. BELD'EN, a

`citizen of the United States, and a resident n of Pittsburgh, county of Allegheny, and

'M further lnrpose is to do away with the .short-liv and noisy reciprocating" valves and -valve gearing now 1n common useJ and tosubstiitute therefor a minimum numberof lar e'substantial parts that can- -not neasily beY roken, to balance the valves and votherwise arrange and construct them to oferthe least` possi-ble resista-nce to the op; Aeration of the engine.

-specialobject of my invention :is to pro- 'vide an engine of tHe-class named with. a nonvibratory,,jconstantly lubricated and .substantially balanced ladmission and exhaust valve and-'toxmantain it at 'alow temperature-l imtectedl 'from the hot gasesl offthe cylin er.

Still other lobjects of the-invention are to' provide'. an 'internal eo'inbilstion y engine ,equi pcd with -a balanced valve and having a cy inder .which contains both the cylinder head and 'the necessary port-controllin means and iromwhichbotntbe head an the piston rmay beremcved IWithout disturb,-v `Ing the'cylinder or saidfportcontrolling means vor. gearing,- and from which-the valveimayA be removed without disturbing the cylinder por' l'the valye. gearing; and. to provide; 'an engnediavmg- Ivalves and valve ,seatswhich shall .be-freely accessible upon.removal-of:

the cylinder-head Y `irnotlnar. object-off A.myinwenticn' is te .enging as outlined memberedf and reassembled by ordinary mechanicsand in less time than other fourcycle engines.v

A further object is to `provide balanced rotary valves and valve gearing of'suchdrm and arrangement 'that the several cylinders of a multiple'engine may be'economically formed inzone block or casting.y

. ,Still further objects of 'my'invention' will appear .liere'inafter.l y

` Myfinvention resides in an internal combastion engine wherein the '1 foregoing objects are attained, the same'embo the principles and bein ofthe general construction and combination of 'parts' hereinafter described and particularly pointed o ut'in Ythe appended claims. A y The invention will be readily .nndrstood upon reference to the accom 'any'ing drzmyv-` ings, which form'partof'tln's speci'iation and `in which 'I have" depicted a' 'preferred 'embodiment' of my invention'n a' sin cylin'der internal combustion en `ne;

In the-drawings, Figure 1 isa side elevation of my novel engine, foiir. oftlflecyl` inders'being shownv in' vertical` longitudinal section;-Fig. 2 is a horizontal section, substantially on the line 2x4-@fof Fi l, all of .the cylinder heads being remove ;-Fi B lis an enlarged vertical section 1on thev e SiS-3" of Figs. 1 and 4, disclosing the l-means for balancing the valve;-and,Fig. 4 is e horizontal section on the line 4&4 of Fig. 3.

l have here illustrated' myfinventionas embodied in afwater'cooled multiple cylin- .der engine -cf a' vertical type particularly adaptedI for use in automobiles'. ltsc linders A, six in numbe, vare' larraztngedl si e by side in -arsinglecasting B. llaricusv means `may be 'employedjfdr 'cooli-ngfthe cylinder end valve seats. 1F01 example-the castin B may-contain a Water space' oyg'jaclet- 'which is -common to all the cylinders. The water space extends from the :top B' of the -castingto a; noint'inear'the lowerends et the cylinders. The'bottom B thecyiinder casting-is secured uponthe top of the-bese QB. The base4 contains the-:crank shaft-E shown-.in -dotted lines' in Fig. il.V @n one end-@ theshe'ft E is aywheel FD The other 4end ci the lcran [shaft carries a sprechen wheeli'G, (seedotted 'lines Fig; i.)

the use of which will be explained hereinafter.

Eachcylinder A contains a piston H, joined to the crank shaft E by a connecting rod I, shown in dotted lines in Fig.

y 1. The cylinders open through both the top casting B has been fastened tothe base D.

The heads are larger than the pistonsandv each head rests upon an annular shoulder a2, which distin lshes the piston containing portion ai o theeylinder from its head ,containing portion a. Both cylinder por-V tions a3 and a* are cylindrical. They are preferablyconcentric. Thef portion a* is large enough to contain not only the head butalso the valve K, about to be described. Each head has an annular ange J that fits the upper part of vthe cylindrical bore a4. The lower end J2 of each head J snuglv fits the piston bore as of the cvlinder and the annular shoulder J 3 `of the ead rests upon the cylinder shoulder a2 v'as before ex lained. The upper end of the bore a* of eac cylinder is threaded to receive a lockingriIig L, which yis screwed firmly upon the fianged top of the`head, completing an oil and pressure tightjoint between the head anc the' cylinder at that point. If desired, a key or set screw L may be added to lock the head against rotation; such device, however," is'.

vnot essential to the fastening of the head in the cylinder. The shoulder a2 of the cylinder and the shoulder Ja of the head are ground together and when the head is thus secured the shoulders form ian oil and pressure tight joint between the lower end of `the head and the cylinder. It will be observed that the concentricity of thel cylinder and .the head is insured the u per end and the lower end of theead Within the larger and the smaller bores a" and aa of the cylinder. The intermediate portion of each head J, between the flange J and the shoulder Jj, is cylindrical and concentric with the containing bore While this' portion, as herein shown, is.'

larger than the piston bore a3, -t is somewhat smaller than the bore 'at and an ani-'iu-` lar cavity K' having arallel cylindrical walls is therefore forme between the cylinder and the head. The top of the cavit .K is formed b. the' ,underside of the ead dange J fl'fhe .bottoni of they annular cavity formedjb the cylinder shoulder a on. which the hea rests.` .Alln'f thejwalls of the cavityare 'finely' .ground and-serve as seats for the valve K before referred te.

by the close ittin of.v

The valves K are simple one-piece sleeves or rings that exactly tittlieir respective cavi-4 ties K". They are' interchangeable.. `The inner and outeisurfaces of each valve K are finely ground and cylindrical and parallel.v The top and bottom edges are also` finely ground or finished and are parallel 4and perpendicular to the cylindrical surcreased at the groove vKx anil bctweenthe gear teeth on thevalve. Each valve K contains at leastone opening orport K?, the same being of suflicient size to quickly admit and to quieklyfree. the gases andgbeingpositioned about midway of the height ofthe valve. As shown in the. drawings I prefer ,to provide eaclrvalve with two diametrically opposite ports K2, so'that one revolution of the valve shall serve for eight successive strokes, two complete-power opertv tions, of the piston, as hereinafter explained. Each cylinder is provided with an admission port and 4'passage A and an exhaust port and passage E,these being formed in the 'casting B; The ports A and Ex open into res )ective valve cavities K in position to register with the ports K'f 'in thel valve K.

The width of the space between the inlet and exhaust ports approximately equals ythe width of the port K2 in the valve KJ These dimensions may be .considerably vmiedv without departing from the inventi'onbntl. p refer'I to maintain the described proportlons and -relationfor'the particular reason that after the valve has opened to permit theY heated gases to exhaust, those portionsof the valve which are'heated bv :the exhaust port Ad. The time between the exhaust and the admission of mi'xt'urel is` proportionate to the distance that the valve has to travel' between: theports E* and A". ln a multiple .cylinder engine I 'prefertorpair the cylinders and connect the exhaust passages EX of each pair as shown in'Figs. 2 and 4. lFrom the points of juncture'the exhaust-'passages extend downward and 'oben through the lower part of the casting Ex' represents. thevertical 'extension ofv the united exhaust portsy of two cylinders.

E represents the exhaust .manifold of the engine.v As indicated -in Fig. v2 I pre- .ferV that the admission fassaigesA of thev several cylinders shal be 'independent and shall openfthrougb theouter face of -they casting. above the.v exhaust manifold. VvThe 'passages Adr-are connected by' an arl- Igases are almost immediatelyfcooled by'the' mrush ofcool combustible mixture at the hole is the 4device mission manifold Ad2 havingl two connections Ada and Adi-with a suitable carbureter Ads. As best shown in Figs. 3 and 4, each head J' contains a central cavity J4 hemispherical at the top and opening through the bottom of the head. This cavity which obviously communicates with the `piston containing portion a3 of the cylinder constitutes vthe compression and combustion chamber of the engine. A central hole is provided in the top of the headand in this l for igniting the gases, preferably an electric spark plug. Two

the valve balancing passage or cavity JB which extends from the central cavity J1 of .the head through the valve seat surface of the head. This opening JB inthe head is approximately opposite the ports JAd and .lr-Ex. At times when 4the latter are closed by one side of the valve, the .port JB is also closed by the opposite side of the valve. The arrangement is such that one port K2 of the valve registers with the head port or cavity l JB at times when lthe other port K2 in the valve is passing the ports A, l-Ad and E,

l'-E[ in the cylinder and head.- Thel areaof the -port .TB Vin the head is preferably slightly less than. the combined area of the admission and exhaust portsAd and E in the cylinder.. The practical eect bfthis arrangement ofthe valveand ports is that the revoluble valve is so nearly balanced in its cavity Vthat it is but lightly seated across the cylinder ports A an E, even at the moment of maximum pressure within the-cylinder. ln consequence, the valve is not vpermitted to cling upon any of its seats and it is not dicultto turn or rotate it in its cavity.. At the same time, it will be noted that at moments of'vacunm within the cylinder7 as when the piston is descending and the admission port Ad and the valve portl2 are in register, the arca ot the balancing port JB exceeds the area ot 'the exhaust port in the cylinder, with the result that there is an overbalancing external ressure on the valve -vvhicli tightly hol s it` over the exhaust port En in the cylinder and prevents the indraft oit gases ytrom the ex.- haust passage EX.' y l The valve operating mechanism is most clearly shown in Figs L2, 3 `and l.. Each member K is a combined valve and gear wheel; that is, theloafer outer edgeoteach valve K 4is provided with gear4 teeth Ka constituting an :integral gear wheel wherebythevalve maybe rotated in its valve chamber or cavity. The valve operating ymember is arranged on the side of the engine opposite the side which contains the several admission and exhaust port-s. lThis valve operating member comprises a single shaft N having as many integral gear wheel portions N as there are valves. Each cylinder is providedwith an lopening AN, at a point opposite the gear teeth on the valve vand considerably below the level of the ports K2 in the valve. This opening admits the -operating. gear N into mesh with the gear teeth upon the valve. Obviously all of the openings AN are arranged in a horizontal line. The shaft N is held in suitable bearings N2 provided on the side of the-cylinder casting Bas shown in Figs. 2 and 4. The gear teeth on the valves and on the shaft N are preferably forty-live degree spiral teeth. Such gears operate readily in either direc tion and are noseless. At its end, the shaft N is provided with a sprocket wheel N3 and this is connected with the sprocket wheel G on the crank shaft by a suitable Sprocket chain G. The sprockets G and N8, and the sprocket belt G constitute the driver for the valve operating member .or shaft N. The rotation of the crank shaft is thereby communicated to the several valves, and the latter are rotated constantly during the operation o the crank shaft. The sprockets Gand N3 and the ears N and K3 are so proportioned thatt e valves are4 caused to turn one-half of a. revolution 'durin each -two revolutions of the crank shaft. lt will be clear that the rotative speed ot the valves .is relatively low and that nothing short of the breakage ofone of these heavy substantial parts can'interfere with the proper action of the valve. The valve operating shaftand gears are contained by a horizontal duct formed in the side of the cylinder casting.

B4, B4 are the edges of the duct U. These edges are inte al with. the. cylinder casting B. The opening between them is closed by a horizontal' late B5 tightly bolted thereto and making t ie duct oil tight. The duct (l and the several valve cavities are in communication through Vthe openings AN. The sprockets G an N3 and sprocket belt G are inclosed by a casing P, the up er end of which communicates with thedliict 0 and the lower end of which communicates with the interior ot the engine base l). An oilv pump -f Snot shown) forces oil into the duct O'. The ci is distributed therefrom to the severalEa valves by the `gear wheels N' and Ks., ln the case oit each valve, its rotation causes the oil to spread upon the outer sur-tace o the, valve whence it will Work above and., below the valve and spread upontbe-innel" i'io ` longitudinall ports, means for supplying oil tosaid valve, and means for rotating said valve onge during every eight strokes ofysaid piston.

T. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder and a piston therein, in combinationl withahead concentric with and fixed in the end of said cylinder, said head having inner and outer ends which throughout their respective circumferences make tight 4loints with the cylinder, the cylinder and ead having corresponding admission and exhaust ports in one side thereof between said joints, an annular v-alve of slightly greater diameter than said head and of slightly'l less diameter than the cylinder fixed between ysaid cylinder and head an between said jointsand having a port adapted to register with the vaforesaid ports, the distance between the ports in the cylinder approximating ,the Width of said port in said valve, a balancing port in said ead approximately o posite the' first mentioned ports and f s 'ightly lessl area ythan the combined area thereof,

means for supplying oil to said valve, and

i means for operating said valve in time with the movements of said piston.

8.1111l an internal combustion engine, a cylinder and a piston therein, in combination with a cylinder'head tixed in the end of said cylinder, the inner and outer ends of saidhead being tightly jointed to` said cylinder throughout their respective circumferences, the intermediate portion vof said head being of less diameter than the ad- ]acent portion of the cylinder and concentric therewith, an annular valvecavity-being-thereby formed ybetween said ends of the. head and closed at top andbottom, one side 'of said head and cylinder .containin admission and exhaust ports which open into said cavity,an.annular valve of sli litly greater diameterthan the head and o slightly less diameter than saidadjacent'- ortion of the cylinder and occupying sai cavity,` said valve containing spacca ports to successively register withaforesa'id ports, `said head containing a balancing port opening against said valve approximately oppositeI 't1 first mentioned ports, an opening in the cylinder adjacent yt e said balancing port,

valve operating means positioned in said opening, and means for supplying oilto said operating means and valve.

"9. In an internal combustion engine, a

cylinderand a pistonherein, in Fcambiaria-` tionl with acylinder head fixetlin the end of.;

said cylinder, the inner and outer ends, of

-Said headsbeing tightly jointed to .said cyl-` inder throughout 'their respective circunif ferences, the int='siftii.eciate` portion of', saidhead being of less diameter than., the adjacent-portion of the cylinder and concentric therewith an annular valve cavity closed b iviltli port, valve operating means positioned in said opening, means for supplying oil to said operating means and valve and a'driv.

ing coimection between said piston and said operating means.

10. In an internal combustion engine, a single block containing a plurality of suitcooled cylinder bores, in combination Ia single piece suitably cooled head in each said boi-e, a single piece annular sleeve valve concentric with and interposed be- 'tween each head and its bore, each said head being jointed to the cylinder bore above and below its respective valve, said cylinders, valves andheads each havinga complement of gas flow-ports,- and each head containing a balancing port openingagainst its valve opposite the gas flow ports, an. opening in the vslide ofeachcylinder bore, a valve operating member lthrough said openings, pistons in said bores acting upon all said vvalves and' adriving device for said member, op-

erated :by they movement of said pistons.

511. In aninternal combustion engine, a one piece cylinder containing a cylinder bore comprising a piston containing portion and a head containing portion, in combination with a' one-piece ported sleeve valve concentric with andfitting the h ead containing portion of said bore, a one-piece head concentric with and fittin said valve, the ends of -said head being `jointed to the cylinder alcovel and below respective ends of said'valve, said cylinder and head containing admission-and exhaust ports to registerwith the port in the valve, means for rotatin 'said valve and said head containing a alancing port opening against the inner side oflsaid vvalve opposite said admissionfandexhaust ports.

12in yali-'internal combustion engine, a. one-piece cylinder containing a cylinder bore comprising a piston containing' portion andan head containing'portion, in combination with a' one-piece plurally' ported sleeve kvalve ccncentric with and fitting the y.head

containingijportion of said bore', ajeno-piece headconcentric with andfitting said valve,

'the ends of said, head being jointed to the Vcyliindc-sr above and below respective ends ot lith immm

said valve, said cylinder @mi head conmin- En tesmogy whereof, E have heretgnto ing admission. and exhaustports to regiser set'my han, this 8th. day of ovelfner2 m with successive ports in the valve, sac head 1911 in the presence of We subscribing containing a balancing posi; opening agans' Witnesses.

the innerv periphery of said valve approxi- EDWARD H BELDENQ mate. opposite the ports in. the cylinder Witnesses: and ead, and means :for rmting said l N. @mams LAMMGND, valve i CHARLES GILBERT HAWLEY. 

